基于FLAC3D的破碎围岩巷道支护效果分析

为了解破碎围岩分别采用锚杆支护、锚喷支护以及锚喷+锚索耦合三种支护方式下的支护效果,进而为破碎围岩巷道选择合理的支护方式提供参考。通过借助FLAC^3D软件建立数值模型,分析不同支护条件下的破碎围岩巷道位移量、应力分布以及塑性区的时空演化特征。结果表明,采用锚喷+锚索耦合支护时,可以较好的控制巷道围岩的位移量、减小应力集中效应、缩小塑性区的影响范围。     

饱和块状混合回填土地基的一维固结分析

用块状渣土置换软弱地基和回填低洼谷地等是处置工程渣土的有效途径。为了分析饱和块状混合回填土地基的固结性状，运用混合物理论建立了其一维固结模型。首先，假定块状土固相和充填土固相之间满足等应变条件，获得了饱和块状混合回填土中各相应变与块状土孔隙变形和充填土孔隙变形的关系式。其次，在小应变条件下，根据自由能势函数方程建立了饱和块状混合回填土的一维线弹性本构方程，再结合达西定律和应力平衡方程获得了一维固结控制方程。再次，利用分离变量法得到一维固结解析解，通过退化本文模型与已有模型进行对比，验证了本文模型的正确性。最后，基于所得解析解，分析了充填土孔隙渗透系数、块状土孔隙渗透系数以及流体交换参数等因素对饱和块状混合回填土地基固结性状的影响。分析结果表明：充填土孔隙渗透系数对饱和块状混合回填土地基整体固结性状起主导作用；在固结初期，块状土超孔压会有一定程度的上升，且3个参数具有相似的作用机理。     

Stability assessment of 3D reinforced soil structures under steady unsaturated infiltration

Internal stability assessment of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures (GRSSs) has been commonly carried out assuming plane-strain conditions and dry backfills. However, failures of GRSSs usually show three-dimensional (3D) features and occur under unsaturated conditions. A procedure based on the kinematic limit-analysis method is proposed herein to assess 3D effects and the role of steady unsaturated infiltration on the required geosynthetic strength for GRSSs. A suction stress-based framework is used to describe the soil stress behavior under steady unsaturated infiltration. Based on the principle of energy-work balance, the required geosynthetic strength is determined. A comparison analysis with the prior research is conducted to verify the developed method. Two kinds of backfills, i.e., high-quality backfill and marginal backfill, are considered for comparison in this work. It is shown that accounting for 3D effects and the role of unsaturated infiltration considerably reduces the required geosynthetic strength. The 3D effects are primarily affected by the width-to-height ratio of GRSSs, and the contribution of unsaturated infiltration is mainly influenced by the soil type, flow rate, GRSS's height, and location of the water table.     

No-Reference Video Quality Assessment using novel hybrid features and two-stage hybrid regression for score level fusion

This paper presents a novel No-Reference Video Quality Assessment (NR-VQA) model that utilizes proposed 3D steerable wavelet transform-based Natural Video Statistics (NVS) features as well as human perceptual features. Additionally, we proposed a novel two-stage regression scheme that significantly improves the overall performance of quality estimation. In the first stage, transform-based NVS and human perceptual features are separately passed through the proposed hybrid regression scheme: Support Vector Regression (SVR) followed by Polynomial curve fitting. The two visual quality scores predicted from the first stage are then used as features for the similar second stage. This predicts the final quality scores of distorted videos by achieving score level fusion. Extensive experiments were conducted using five authentic and four synthetic distortion databases. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other published state-of-the-art benchmark methods on synthetic distortion databases and is among the top performers on authentic distortion databases. The source code is available at https://github.com/anishVNIT/two-stage-vqa.     

Fabrication of high-efficiency Yb:Y2O3 laser ceramics without photodarkening

High-efficiency Yb:Y₂O₃ laser ceramics were fabricated using the vacuum-sintering plus hot isostatic pressing (HIP) without sintering additives. High-purity well-dispersed nanocrystalline Yb:Y₂O₃ powder was synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method in-house. The green bodies were first vacuum sintered at a temperature as low as 1430°C and then HIPed at 1450°C. Finally, the samples were air annealed at 800°C for 10 h. Although no sintering aids were used, full density of the samples with excellent optical homogeneity and an inline transmission of 80% at 400 nm could be obtained. Moreover, photodarkening phenomenon was not detected in the ceramics. Preliminary laser experiment with the fabricated ceramics in a two-mirror cavity has demonstrated 32 W continuous-wave (CW) output at ∼1077 nm with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 58.2%. To the best of our knowledge, this is so far the highest CW output power and optical-to-optical conversion efficiency achieved with the Yb³⁺-doped sesquioxide ceramics in a simple two-mirror cavity.     

As the number falls,alternatives to the Hagberg–Perten falling number method: A review

This review examines the application, limitations, and potential alternatives to the Hagberg–Perten falling number (FN) method used in the global wheat industry for detecting the risk of poor end-product quality mainly due to starch degradation by the enzyme α-amylase. By viscometry, the FN test indirectly detects the presence of α-amylase, the primary enzyme that digests starch. Elevated α-amylase results in low FN and damages wheat product quality resulting in cakes that fall, and sticky bread and noodles. Low FN can occur from preharvest sprouting (PHS) and late maturity α-amylase (LMA). Moist or rainy conditions before harvest cause PHS on the mother plant. Continuously cool or fluctuating temperatures during the grain filling stage cause LMA. Due to the expression of additional hydrolytic enzymes, PHS has a stronger negative impact than LMA. Wheat grain with low FN/high α-amylase results in serious losses for farmers, traders, millers, and bakers worldwide. Although blending of low FN grain with sound wheat may be used as a means of moving affected grain through the marketplace, care must be taken to avoid grain lots from falling below contract-specified FN. A large amount of sound wheat can be ruined if mixed with a small amount of sprouted wheat. The FN method is widely employed to detect α-amylase after harvest. However, it has several limitations, including sampling variability, high cost, labor intensiveness, the destructive nature of the test, and an inability to differentiate between LMA and PHS. Faster, cheaper, and more accurate alternatives could improve breeding for resistance to PHS and LMA and could preserve the value of wheat grain by avoiding inadvertent mixing of high- and low-FN grain by enabling testing at more stages of the value stream including at harvest, delivery, transport, storage, and milling. Alternatives to the FN method explored here include the Rapid Visco Analyzer, enzyme assays, immunoassays, near-infrared spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging.     

Omega-6支撑身体，Omega-3支撑大脑：均衡摄入对儿童大脑发育的影响（网络首发、推荐阅读）

人体大脑和身体的发育，需要从食物中摄取均衡的营养物质。人类大脑是区分人类和其他动物的特征。食物中的必需脂肪酸是机体组织结构和功能的必要组成部分。Omega-6（O6）亚油酸（LA6）是皮肤组织的组成成分，且是炎症、血栓形成、免疫和其他信号分子的前体；Omega-3（O3）α-亚麻酸（ALA3），特别是其长链代谢产物——二十二碳六烯酸（DHA3），是大脑、视网膜和部分神经组织中的关键组分。从富含LA6脂肪酸（缺乏O3脂肪酸）的植物籽中提取出的廉价而优质油脂，是20世纪的西方国家食品工业生产的主要脂肪来源。在代谢通路中，高浓度的LA6脂肪酸可拮抗O3脂肪酸代谢，造成O3脂肪酸不足，因此，在给怀孕动物的饲料中，只提供富含LA6但缺乏O3脂肪酸的油脂作为唯一的脂肪来源，会导致幼崽大脑发育不良。过去20~30年的研究表明，低含量LA6且含DHA3的油脂可改善大脑的功能。近年来的研究较多集中在营养因素对大脑发育的影响，最新研究数据表明，脂肪酸平衡对营养不良儿童的大脑发育尤为重要。世界卫生组织（WHO）越来越重视大脑的营养健康，通过其下属的食品法典委员会，建议用于治疗严重急性营养不良儿童的即食治疗食品中，使用含有均衡脂肪酸组成/构成的脂肪。同样，脂肪酸均衡对老年人可能也很重要。目前，业界已经有了调整油脂成分的方法，以确保脂肪酸均衡，从而维持人体整个生命周期的大脑健康。     

Upconversion nanoparticles: Recent strategies and mechanism based applications

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with lanthanides can convert near-infrared excitation into UV and visible emissions. Because of their relatively high emission efficiency, UCNPs are appealing materials for use in a variety of sectors. UCNPs are known for low auto-fluorescence, excellent chemical and thermal photo-stability, deep tissue penetration, exceptional biocompatibility, low toxicity, color purity, and ease of surface functionalization. In this review, we explain a few recent strategies to boost the efficiency and luminescence of upconversion nanoparticles and minimize quenching by fabricating them as core/shell, nanofibers, or heavily doped lanthanides. Applications of UCNPs in drug delivery, Photodynamic therapy (PDT), biosensors, bioimaging, and optogenetics are also discussed along with their mechanism of action. Our motivation for this review is to understand the working mechanism of UCNPs and their applications in various fields.     

Integrated LaB6/g-C3N4 solar absorber for solving dye accumulation during solar steam generation

Solar steam generation has attracted considerable interest due to its easy accessibility and sustainability. However, dye molecules were gradually concentrated on bulk water or the surface of solar absorbers during the disposal of dye wastewater. Herein, LaB₆/g-C₃N₄ composites were immobilized on porous cotton cloth, served as a solar absorber resistant to dye clogging. The optimal solar absorber possessed solar harvesting of 92.3% and showed great application potential in the field of the treatment of dye wastewater. This study presented a new approach for the treatment of dye wastewater.